uyy. 


ON  COTTON  YARN 


No.  3513 


LEOPOLD  CASSELLA  & Co.,  G.  m.  b.  H.,  FRANKFORT 


Franklin  Institute  Library 


PHILADELPHIA 


Class  h..G. Z. . %■ 


A ccession 

REFERENCE 


3S~/3 


GIVEN  BY 


Works  at  Mainkur  near  Frankfort 


HYDRON  COLOURS 

ON  COTTON  YARN 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY 


182  and  184  FRONT  STREET 

NEW  YORK 


: * : •- 
• • 


BOSTON:  39  OLIVER  ’STREET  ;• 

• 3 ) J ) i » • » J * » J J 

PHILADELPHIA:  126  AND  128  SOUTH  FRONT  STREET 

* + » 

) •**  * + * * 

PROVIDENCE:  64  EXCHANGE  PLACE 


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a a a 

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a o a j i 1 


• a a a > 

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ATLANTA:  47  NORTH  PRYOR  STREET 
MONTREAL:  CANADA,  69  WILLIAM  STREET. 


No.  3613. 


HYDRON  COLOURS  ON  COTTON  YARN. 


The  Hydron  Colours  are  vat  dyestuffs  with  excellent  properties  of  fastness 
and  with  specially  good  levelling  properties. 

They  are  dyed  with  hydrosulphite,  some  of  them  also  with  sodium  sul- 
phide and  hydrosulphite,  with  the  addition  of  caustic  soda  lye.  The  caustic 
soda  lye  may  be  replaced  by  soda  in  some  cases. 

Vessels  of  wood,  copper,  iron  or  nickeline  are  used  when  dyeing  with 
hydrosulphite,  but  when  sodium  sulphide  is  added,  vessels  and  fittings  made  of 
copper  or  brass  must  be  avoided. 

The  following  brands  are  on  the  market: 

Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%,  30%  and  40% 

G Powder 

B Paste  20%,  30%  and  40% 

B Powder 

R Paste  20%,  30%  and  40% 

R Powder 

Hydron  Dark  Blue  G Paste  20%  and  40% 

„ „ „ G Powder 

Hydron  Violet  B Paste  20%  and  40% 

B Powder 

R Paste  20%  and  40% 

„ „ R Powder 

Hydron  Olive  G Paste  40% 

G Powder 
B Paste  40% 

„ „ B Powder 

Hydron  Brown  OG  Powder 

„ „ OB  Powder 

Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20% 


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3 — 


DISSOLVING  THE  HYDRON  COLOURS. 


Paste  Products : The  Ilydron  Blue  and  Violet  brands  in  paste  form  maybe 
added  straight  to  the  dyebath.  The  dyestulf  mixed  with  warm  water  is  added 
to  the  warm  bath  together  with  the  requisite  quantities  of  alkali,  whereupon  the 
sodium  sulphide  and  hydrosulphite  are  added  whilst  stirring,  as  described  in  full 
in  the  following  dyeing  directions.  After  the  addition  of  the  hydrosulphite  the 
dyestuff  dissolves  rapidly. 

Hydron  Yellow  Paste  and  Hydron  Olive  Paste  are  diluted  with  about 
5 to  10  times  their  weight  of  water  free  from  lime,  then  reduced  and  dissolved 
by  the  addition  of  the  quantity  of  hydrosulphite  and  lye  requisite  for  the  dyeing. 

Powder  Products:  The  dyestuff  is  mixed  to  an  even  paste  with  about  one- 
half  or  the  same  quantity  of  cold  to  lukewarm  water  free  from  lime;  there 
should  further  be  added  about  1j2  gallon  methylated  spirits  per  1 gallon  water 
for  the  purpose  of  a quicker  and  more  even  mixing,  especially  in  the  case  of 
Hydron  Blue  and  Hydron  Violet.  The  paste  thus  obtained  is  diluted  with  about 
10  times  its  weight  of  cold  water. 

The  Hydron  Blues  and  Hydron  Olives  may  then  be  added  straightaway 
to  the  dyebath;  the  other  powder  products,  however,  after  having  been  made 
into  a paste,  are  mixed  with  the  quantity  of  hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda  lye 
necessary  for  dyeing,  and  thus  brought  into  solution. 


4 — 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  DYEING. 


The  yarns  must  be  well  wetted  previous  to  the  dyeing,  and  are  best  boiled 
in  a kier  with  soda  or  caustic  soda  lye.  For  pale,  bright  shades  it  is  necessary  to 
first  bleach  the  yarn. 

For  the  dyeing,  ordinary  dye-vats  or  tubs  of  wood,  copper  or  iron  are 
used,  but  when  dyeing  Hydron  Blue  according  to  the  most  frequently  followed 
method  with  sodium  sulphide,  copper  vessels  cannot  be  used.  For  heating  the 
liquor,  indirect  steam  is  best  used,  and  it  is  advisable  to  adjust  a double  set  of 
pipes,  as  described  on  page  66  of  our  “Manual  of  Dyeing”,  Yol.  I,  2nd  edition. 

To  ensure  level  shades  it  is  very  essential  that  the  yarns  after  the  dyeing 
are  squeezed  off  well.  This  is  best  carried  out  by  means  of  squeezing  rollers 
adjusted  at  the  narrow  end  of  the  vat.  An  exact  sketch  and  description  will  be 
found  on  page  67  of  our  “Manual  of  Dyeing”,  Yol.  I,  2nd  edition. 

The  dyeing  is  done  with  the  addition  of  the  dissolving  and  reducing  agents 
stated  below,  generally  within  */2  to  1 hour  in  a bath  of  50 — 60°  C (120 — 140°  F.). 

A great  advantage  is  to  dye  on  the  well-known  bent  iron  rods  of  this 
shape  ~ Lf  by  means  of  which  the  yarn  can  be  kept  continually  under  the 
surface  of  the  liquor;  greater  levelness  is  thus  ensured  and  at  the  same  time 
an  economising  of  hydrosulphite,  which  latter  decomposes  quickly  when  exposed 
to  the  atmosphere.  Straight  sticks  may  also  be  used,  but  the  yarn  must 
be  turned  more  frequently  or  best  be  kept  under  the  surface  of  the  liquor;  the 
quantily  of  hydrosulphite  should  then  also  be  slightly  increased.  Before  lifting, 
the  batch  is  given  three  more  turns,  then  each  individual  stick  again  a few 
turns,  squeezing  it  off  directly  and  bringing  it  in  most  cases  straightaway  into 
a rinsing  bath  ready  at  hand.  Rinse  first  cold  and  then  once  or  twice  hot. 

In  order  to  ensure  greater  brightness  of  shade  in  the  case  of  Hydron  Yellow, 
its  dyeings  are  to  advantage  wrung  off,  after  squeezing  off,  exposed  to  the  air 
for  1 to  2 hours,  and  only  then  rinsed. 

Mercerised  Cotton  Yarn  is  dyed  and  aftertreated  exactly  like  ordinary  cotton 
yarn.  As  it  however  absorbs  the  dyestuff  much  more  rapidly  than  ordinary  yarn, 
it  is  advisable  in  every  case  to  add  to  the  bath  some  monosolvol  or  Turkey-red 
oil,  for  lighter  shades  also  increasing  the  quantities  of  hydrosulphite  and  caustic 

soda  lye,  dyeing  at  a low  temperature  to  commence  with  and  heating  the  bath 
slowly. 

The  sodium  sulphide  process  has  proved  especially  useful  for  dyeing  with 
Hydron  Blue  and  Hydron  Violet  yarns  which  are  very  tightly  twisted  and 
difficult  to  penetiate;  the  material  is  first  boiled  for  1/ 4 to  lj2  hour  without  adding 
any  hydrosulphite,  i.  e.  with  only  the  dyestuff,  sodium  sulphide  and  caustic  soda 
lye  or  soda,  whereupon  the  bath  is  cooled  off  to  60 — 70  0 C.  (140 — 160  °F.),  the 
hydrosulphite  strewed  in  and  dyeing  completed  within  »/«  hour. 

With  a volume  of  water  of  about  20  times  the  weight  of  the  goods  the 

baths  are  to  be  charged  with  the  following  quantities  calculated  on  the  weight 
of  the  goods: 


— 5 — 


Hydron  Blue. 

Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%,  30%  and  40% 

„ „ G Powder 

„ „ B Paste  20%,  30%  and  40% 

„ „ B Powder 

„ „ R Paste  20%,  30%  and  40% 

„ „ R Powder. 

a)  DYEING  WITH  I1YDROSULPHITE. 

This  method  is  preferably  followed  when  clear  and  light  shades  are  desired. 


For  Light  and  Medium  Shades: 


Starting 

Bath: 

Additions  for 
Subsequent  Lots: 

Hydron  Blue  paste  20% 

1—15% 

1—10% 

Caustic  soda  lye  77 0 Tw. 

1,5— 7,5% 

1—5  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone,  powder  1,5 — 7,5% 

1—5  % 

For  Deep  Shades: 

Starting 

Bath: 

Additions  for 
Subsequent  Lots: 

Hydron  Blue  paste  20% 

15—30% 

10—20  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77  0 Tw. 

7,5—15  % 

5—7,5% 

Hydrosulphite  cone,  powder 

7,5—15% 

5—10% 

For  Light  and  Medium  Shades 

: 

Starting 

Bath: 

Additions  for 
Subsequent  Lots: 

Hydron  Blue  powder 

0,2—3  % 

0,2—2  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

1,5 — 7,5  % 

1—5% 

Hydrosulphite  cone,  powder 

1,5— 7,5% 

1—5% 

For  Deep  Shades: 

Starting 

Bath: 

Additions  for 
Subsequent  Lots: 

Hydron  Blue  powder 

3—6  % 

2—4  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77  0 Tw. 

7,5—15% 

5—7,5% 

Hydrosulphite  cone,  powder  7,5 — 15% 

5—10  % 

Dye  the  previously  well  boiled  or  bleached  cotton  yarn  for  1 ; 2 to  3,4  hour 
at  50— 60  °C.  (120— 140°  F.),  to  best  advantage  on  bent  iron  rods,  squeeze  off, 
rinse  first  cold  and  then  if  possible  once  or  twice  hot. 

A considerable  improvement  in  the  brightness  of  the  shade  is  ensured  by 
finally  aftertreating  with  1 — 2%  sodium  perborate. 

Also  when  aftertreating  with  bichrome,  or  bichrome  and  bisulphite,  or  by 
soaping  boiling  hot,  somewhat  brighter  shades  are  obtained.  By  an  aftertreatment 
with  copper  sulphate  and  bichrome  the  already  excellent  fastness  to  boiling  and 
light  is  still  further  enhanced. 

Fuller  details  regarding  the  aftertreatment  will  be  found  on  page  11. 

The  dyebath  must  have  a completely  yellow  appearance,  until, the  dyeing 
has  been  completed;  if  this  is  not  the  case,  some  more  hydrosulphite  and  if 
necessary  also  a little  more  lye  must  be  added. 


- 6 


b)  DYEING  WITH  SODIUM  SULPHIDE  AND  HYDROSULPHITE. 

This  process  comes  chiefly  into  consideration  for  medium  and  deep  shades, 
but  may  to  advantage  be  employed  also  for  light  shades,  particularly  on  material 
difficult  to  penetrate  such  as  mercerised  embroidery  yarns  (pearl  yarns).  For 
this  method  of  dyeing  a smaller  quantity  of  hydrosulphite  is  required  than  for 
the  first-named  process  (a);  this  results  in  the  cost  of  dyeing  being  reduced  con- 
siderably. The  following  quantities  are  used: 


For  Light  and  Medium  Shades: 


Starting 

Bath: 

Additions  for 
Subsequent  Lots: 

Hydron  Blue  paste  20  % 

2—15  % 

1,5—10  % 

Sodium  sulphide  cryst. 

2—15  % 

1,5— 7,5% 

Caustic  soda  lye  77  0 Tw. 

8—7,5% 

1—4  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone,  powder 

1—8  % 

0,4—2  % 

For  Deep  Shades 

Starting 

Bath: 

Additions  for 
Subsequent  Lots: 

Hydron  Blue  paste  20% 

15—30% 

10—20% 

Sodium  sulphide  cryst. 

15—30% 

7,5—15% 

Caustic  soda  lye  77  0 Tw.  * 

7,5—15% 

4—8  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone,  powder 

3-5  % 

2—3,5  % 

For  Light  and 

Medium 

Shades : 

Starting 

Bath: 

Additions  for 
Subsequent  Lots: 

Hydron  Blue  powder  < 

3,4—3  % 

0,3—2  % 

Sodium  sulphide  cryst. 

2—15  % 

1,5— 7,5  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77  0 Tw. 

3—7,5  % 

1—4  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone,  powder 

1—3  % 

0,4—2  % 

For  Deep  Shades 

Starting 

Bath: 

• 

• 

Additions"  for 
Subsequent  Lots: 

Hydron  Blue  powder 

3—6  % 

2—4  % 

Sodium  sulphide  cryst. 

15—30% 

7,5—15  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77  0 Tw.  * 

7,5—15% 

4—8  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone,  powder 

3—5  % 

2—3,5  % 

Dye  and  aftertreat  according  to  the  details  on  the  previous  page.  Until 
the  dyeing  is  completed,  the  dyebath  must  have  a yellow  appearance;  if  not, 
some  hydrosulphite  and  if  necessary  some  soda  lye  should  be  added. 

* For  deep  shades  the  same  quantity  of  soda  ash  may  be  used  in  place  Of  caustic  soda  lye, 
particularly  if  Immedial  Black  or  Immedial  Carbon  be  employed  for  saddening  in  the  same  bath. 


- 7 - 


Hydron  Violet  B and  R Paste  20%,  40%. 

Hydron  Violet  B and  R Powder 

are  dyed  according  to  Directions  (a)  and  (b)  as  afore  indicated  for  Hydron  Blue. 
'When  dyeing  with  sodium  sulphide,  somewhat  more  hydrosulphite  is  required 
than  is  stated  for  Hydron  Blue. 

Dyeing  at  a low  temperature  of  about  40°  C.  (105°  F.)  will  produce  somewhat 
more  reddish  shades. 

To  improve  the  brightness,  the  Hydron  Violet  shades  after  rinsing  are 
soaped  boiling  hot  (4 — 8 oz  soap  per  10  gallons  liquor). 


Hydron  Dark  Blue  Q Paste  20%  and  40%. 

Hydron  Dark  Blue  Q Powder. 

Hydron  Dark  Blue  G may  be  dyed  with  caustic  soda  lye  and  hydrosulphite, 
or  with  caustic  soda  lye,  sodium  sulphide  and  hydrosulphite.  The  quantity  of 
caustic  soda  lye  should  however  be  somewhat  increased.  For  the  20%  paste 
product  about  the  same  weight  should  be  used  as  of  dyestuff  for  the  starting 
baths,  for  subsequent  lots  1/ 2 to  */4  the  quantity  of  caustic  soda  lye,  calculated 
on  the  weight  of  the  dyestuff  (20%  paste),  is  sufficient. 

Hydron  Dark  Blue  G is  not  to  be  aftertreated  in  any  special  manner. 


Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20%. 

For  Light  and  Medium  Shades:  For  Deep 


Starting 

Bath: 

2—15% 

2—12% 

2—5  % 


Additions  for 
Subsequent 
Lots : 

1,5—10% 
1—5  % 
1-4  % 


Starting 

Bath: 

15  - 80  % 
12—24  % 
5-10% 


Shades: 

Additions  for 
Subsequent 
Lots: 

10-18% 
5-9  % 
4-6  % 


I 


per 

V2-I lls  lbs ; 10  gall.  0—8 

J liquor 


% D/2  - 3 lbs 


| P^ 

lOgall.  3 - 6 % 
J liquor 


Hydron  Yellow  G Paste  20% 

Caustic  soda  lye  77  0 Tw. 

Hydrosulphite  cone,  powder 
Common  salt  or 
Desiccated  Glauber’s  salt 

Add  the  dyestuff  reduced  according  to  the  directions  on  page  4 at  30 — 40°  C. 
(85— 105°  F.)  together  with  the  above  indicated  quantities  of  hydrosulphite  and 
lye  to  the  bath  already  charged  with  a small  quantity  of  these  two  ingredients, 
then  the  common  salt  in  solution;  hereafter  dye  for  ^2  to  1 hour  in  a cold  to 
lukewarm  bath,  squeeze  off  when  the  dyeing  is  complete,  wring  off  evenly,  expose 
to  the  air  for  1 to  2 hours,  and  rinse. 


Hydron  Olive  G and  B Powder. 
Hydron  Olive  G and  B Paste  40%. 
Hydron  Brown  OG  and  OB  Powder. 


For  Light  and  Medium  Shades:  For  Deep 

Additions  for 

Starting  Subsequent  Starting 

Bath:  Lots:  Bath: 


Shades: 


Additions  "for 
Subsequent 
Lots : 


Dyestuff  in  Powder  0,5-3  % 0,5—2,25%  3 — 6 % 2,25 — 4 % 

Caustic  Soda  Lye  77°  Tw.  4—12%  4—9  % 12—24%  9—16% 

Ilydrosulphite  cone,  powder  2-6  % 2 — 4,5  % 6 — 12%  4,5 — 8 % 

Add  the  dyestuff  reduced  according  to  the  directions  on  page  4 at  70 — 80 °C. 
(160 — 175°  F.)  with  the  above  indicated  quantities  of  hydrosulphite  and  lye  to  the 
warm  bath  previously  charged  with  small  quantities  of  these  two  ingredients, 
stir  well,' and  dye^  Hydron  Olive  at  50 — 60  °C.  (120 — 140  °F.),  Hydron  Brown  at 
40 — 50°  C.  (105 — 120°  F.),  for  1/2  to  1 hour,  squeeze  off,  and  rinse.  In  the  case  of 
Hydron  Brown  somewhat  more  reddish  shades  are  obtained  by  soaping  boiling  hot. 


Combinations  of  Hydron  Olive  and  Hydron  Brown 

with  Hydron  Yellow. 

The  products  are  reduced,  to  best  advantage  each  separately,  with  the 
quantities  of  hydrosulphite  and  lye  indicated,  and  dissolved.  Then  dye  for  V2  to 
s/4  hour  at  35— 40°  C.  (95 — 105  °F.),  squeeze  off,  rinse,  and  soap  if  necessary. 

When  using  increased  quantities  of  Hydron  Yellow,  some  common  salt 
or  desiccated  Glauber’s  salt  should  be  added  in  order  to  better  exhaust  the  bath,  as 
indicated  on  page  8. 


Combinations  of  Hydron  Olive  and  Hydron  Brown 

with  Hydron  Blue. 

Hydron  Olive  and  Hydron  Brown  are  reduced  each  separately  with  the 
quantities  of  hydrosulphite  and  lye  prescribed  for  each,  and  dissolved,  whereupon 
they  are  added  to  the  dyebath  at  about  50°  C.  (120°  F.)  Hereafter  add  the  quan- 
tities of  dissolving  agent  required  for  Hydron  Blue,  and  finally  the  Hydron 
Blue  itself. 

Dye  for  ^ to  1 hour  at  50 — 60  0 C.  (120 — 140  0 F.),  squeeze  off,  rinse,  and 
soap  if  necessary. 


Combinations  of  Hydron  Blue  and  Hydron  Yellow. 

Charge  the  dyebath  at  about  40  °C.  (105 0 F.)  with  Hydron  Blue  and  the 
weights  of  dissolving  agents  indicated  on  pages  6 and  7,  then  with  the  Hydron 
Yellow  dissolved  with  the  requisite  quantities  of  hydrosulphite  and  lye. 

Dye  for  */2  to  1 hour  at  about  40 0 C.  (105 °F.),  squeeze  off,  and  rinse;  for 
deeper  shades  add  some  common  salt  or  Glauber’s  salt  in  order  to  make  the 
Yellow  go  more  readily  on  to  the  fibre. 

For  combinations  with  a larger  proportion  of  Hydron  Blue  it  is  better  to 
dye  the  yarn  in  the  first  place  with  Hydron  Blue  in  the  ordinary  manner  and 
after  rinsing  to  top  with  Hydron  Yellow  in  a second,  cold  bath. 


Production  of  Blacks  Fast  to  Chlorine  with 
Hydron  Blue  or  Hydron  Dark  Blue  Q. 

Blacks  of  good  fastness  to  chlorine  may  be  produced  in  a very  simple 
manner  with  Hydron  Blue  or  Hydron  Dark  Blue,  by  simply  bottoming  with 
these  dyestuffs  and  topping  with  Aniline  Black  in  a fresh  bath.  This  method  is 
suitable  more  particularly  for  hank  and  loose  cotton  dyeing. 

The  bottoming  is  done  with  about  15—20%  Hydron  Blue  G or  R Paste  20%, 
or  Hydron  Dark  Blue  G Paste  20%,  according  to  Method  (b)  on  page  7.  After 
rinsing  thoroughly,  the  topping  with  Aniline  Black  is  carried  out  as  follows: 

Charge  a cold  bath  with 

7 % aniline  salt 

10%  hydrochloric  acid  32°Tw.  and 
5%  sulphuric  acid  168°  Tw. ; 
then  add  (previously  dissolved) 

12%  bichromate  of  soda  and 
3%  copper  sulphate. 

Work  for  1 hour  in  a cold  bath,  then  heat  gradually  to  50—60*  C. 
(120— 140  ° F.)  in  the  course  of  ‘/a  to  */4  hour,  rinse,  and  soap  boiling  hot. 


— 9 — 


Hydron  Blue  on  an  Iron  Mordant. 

A very  deep  coppery  blue  such  as  is  not  obtainable  by  dyeing  direct 
without  an  excessive  amount  of  dyestuff  may  be  produced  by  previously  mor- 
danting the  cotton  with  iron  salts  and  dyeing  subsequently  with  Hydron  Blue. 
Such  shades  of  blue  equal  entirely  deep  Indigo  shades,  at  the  same  time  far 
excelling  them  in  properties  of  fastness. 

The  method  of  working  is  as  follows: 

The  boiled  cotton  is  treated  for  about  20  minutes  with  about  1 lb  copperas 
per  10  gallons  or  with  a solution  of  pyrolignite  of  iron  or  nitrate  of  iron  2 — 4 ® Tvv. 
in  a cold  bath  to  which  some  acetic  or  formic  acid  is  to  advantage  added. 

The  goods  are  then  wrung  off  or  whizzed.  Hereafter  they  are  entered  into 
a lukewarm  bath  containing  1 — D/2  lbs  soda  ash  per  10  gallons,  and  treated  for 
about  10  minutes.  After  rinsing  thoroughly,  they  are  then  dyed  with  Hydron 
Blue,  to  best  advantage  with  soda  lye  or  soda  and  hydrosulphite  according  to 
the  directions  on  page  6. 


Saddening  of  Hydron  Blue  Shades. 

For  saddening  Hydron  Blue  in  order  to  obtain  more  covered  shades, 
Hydron  Dark  Blue  G is  the  product  best  suited. 

For  this  purpose  Immedial  Colours  may  however  also  be  used,  of  which 
Immedial  Black  V extra,  Immedial  Brilliant  Black  5BV  cone.,  Immedial  Brilliant 
Carbon  F and  Indo  Carbon  S deserve  the  preference;  these  are  dissolved  in  the 
customary  manner  with  sodium  sulphide,  and  may  be  added  straight  to  the 
Hydron  Blue  bath. 

The  dyeing  in  such  case  is  best  carried  out  according  to  the  sodium 
sulphide-hydrosulphite  process,  carbonate  of  soda  being  to  advantage  used  for  the 
purpose  instead  of  caustic  soda  lye. 

Combinations  of  Hydron  Blue  and  Indigo. 

Indigo  and  Hydron  Blue  may  be  dyed  together  in  one  bath,  but  in  such 
case  it  is  an  advantage  to  work  at  a somewhat  lower  temperature,  say  at  about 
40°  C.  (105°  F.j.  The  fact  has  moreover  to  be  considered  that  */<  to  4/&  of  the  Indigo 
remains  in  the  bath,  whereas  of  Hydron  Blue  the  greater  portion  is  taken  up 
by  the  fibre.  When  using  fairly  large  quantities  of  Indigo  it  is  therefore  best  to 
bottom  with  Hydron  Blue  and  to  top  in  a fresh  bath  with  Indigo. 


10  — 


Treatment  of  Hydron  Colours  after  the  Dyeing  and  Rinsing. 

As  a rule  a special  aftertreatment  of  the  dyeings  produced  with  Hydron 
Colours  is  not  required,  but  it  must  be  made  a point  to  give  the  dyeings  a 
thorough  rinsing  or  soaping  finally,  if  possible  hot. 

Other  methods  of  aftertreatment,  which  however  come  into  consideration 
for  Hydron  Blue  only,  are  the  following: 


TREATMENT  WITH  EERBORATE. 

This  aftertreatment  comes  into  consideration  for  yarn,  loose  cotton,  sliver,  cops, 
cheeses,  usurps  and  piece-goods.  Considerably  brighter  shades  are  thereby  obtained 
possessing  the  same  excellent  fastness  as  those  which  have  not  been  aftertreated. 

The  aftertreatment  is  carried  out  for  20  to  80  minutes  with  1—2%  sodium 
perborate  in  a bath  of  about  60—80°  C.  (140—175°  F.),  after  which  the  goods  are 
again  rinsed. 

The  aftertreatment  with  a smaller  quantity  of  perborate  (about  ij2%)  in  a 
warm  bath  of  only  80—40°  C.  (85— 105  0 F.)  is  also  in  many  cases  applied  in  order 
to  ensure  a quicker  oxidation,  especially  in  machine-dyeing. 


TREATMENT  WITH  BICHROME  AND  ACETIC  ACID. 

This  aftertreatment  effects  a quicker  oxidation,  and  is  applied  especially 
when  working  in  packing  machines. 

To  the  cold  or  warm  bath  first  3 — 5%  acetic  acid,  then  2 — 3%  bichrome 
are  added,  and  allowed  to  act  for  10  to  15  minutes.  Hereupon  the  goods  are 
thoroughly  rinsed. 

TREATMENT  WITH  BICHROME  AND  BISULPHITE. 

This  treatment  has  the  same  effect  on  the  goods  as  bichrome  and  acetic 
acid,  but  the  action  is  somewhat  more  vigorous.  After  the  rinsing,  1/2- — 1% 
bichrome  is  added  to  the  cold  or  warm  bath,  and  allowed  to  act  for  some  minutes, 
whereupon  3 — 6 oz  bisulphite  per  10  gallons  are  added  to  the  same  bath,  the 
treatment  being  continued  for  some  minutes.  Finally  the  goods  are  thoroughly 
rinsed. 


TREATMENT  WITH  BLUESTONE  AND  BICHROME. 

By  an  aftertreatment  with  3%  copper  sulphate,  1 — 2%  bichrome  and 
3 — 5%  acetic  acid  the  already  excellent  fastness  to  boiling  and  light  of  Hydron 
Blue  is  still  further  enhanced.  The  treatment  may  be  carried  out  in  a warm  or 
a cold  bath,  5 to  15  minutes  being  quite  sufficient  for  this  purpose.  The  goods 
are  finally  rinsed  thoroughly. 


11 


Dyeing  of  Loose  Cotton  in  Open  Vessels  or  Kettles. 

Loose  cotton  is  dyed  with  the  same  ingredients  as  indicated  for  the 
respective  shades  on  cotton  yarn. 

It  has  however  to  be  noted  that  the  sodium  sulphide  process  is  employed 
to  best  advantage  for  dyeing  Hydron  Blue  on  loose  cotton,  because  a previous 
wetting  of  the  cotton  can  in  such  case  be  omitted. 

The  bath  in  such  case  is  first  charged  only  with  the  caustic  soda  lye,  or 
soda,  sodium  sulphide  and  dyestuff,  the  hydrosulphite  being  omitted  until  later. 
The  opened  cotton  is  then  entered  dry  ,'into  the  boiling  hot  dyebath,  and  boiled 
for  iJi  to  */ 2 hour.  Hereafter  the  bath  is  cooled  off  to  about  70°  C.  (160°  F.)  by 
adding  cold  water,  the  hydrosulphite  strewed  in,  and  the  dyeing  completed  within 
1/j  hour,  the  material  being  turned  well. 

The  dyeing  being  completed,  the  cotton  is  lifted,  allowed  to  drain  off  well 
or  hydroextracted,  and  rinsed  thoroughly.  If  rinsed  immediately  after  the  draining 
off,  the  rinsing  is  done  first  cold  and  finally  as  hot  as  possible ; if  the  goods  are 
hydroextracted,  it  is  best  to  rinse  Hot  straightaway. 

For  the  other  Hydron  Colours  it  is  well  to  wet  out  the  cotton  previously 
and  then  to  dye  at  the  temperatures  indicated  for  cotton  yarn.  After  the  dyeing, 
the  cotton  is  lifted,  whizzed  if  necessary,  and  finally  rinsed  thoroughly. 


Machine-Dyeing. 

The  Hydron  Colours  are  eminently  well  suited  for  the  dyeing  of  loose 
cotton,  sliver,  roving,  cheeses  and  warps  in  apparatus. 

The  additions  for  the  starting  and  standing  baths  are  generally  the  same 
in  machine-dyeing  as  afore  indicated  for  the  respective  dyestuffs. 

The  dyeing  is  carried  out  in  any  kind  of  apparatus  made  of  wood,  iron, 
copper  or  nickeline,  but  for  the  sodium  sulphide  process  as  applied  for  Hydron 
Blue,  apparatus  or  fittings  of  copper  or  brass  should  not  be  used. 

It  is  important  also  to  provide  apparatus  for  dyeing  cops,  cheeses,  and 
warp-beams  with  good  suction  arrangements  in  order  to  ensure  the  liquor  being 
drawn  off  quickly  and  thoroughly  by  suction  after  the  dyeing. 

The  goods  are  then  rinsed  well,  this  being  carried  out  to  best  advantage 
warm  to  hot  subsequent  to  the  removal  of  the  liquor  by  suction  with  a view 
to  ensuring  the  highest  degree  of  fastness.  If  a thorough  removal  of  the  liquor 
by  suction  is  impossible,  the  goods  are  first  rinsed  cold,  a little  hydrosulphite  and 
lye  being  added  to  the  rinsing  bath  if  necessary,  and  the  goods  being  finally 
rinsed  warm  to  hot  also. 

When  dyeing  Hydron  Colours  in  mechanical  apparatus,  as  in  the  case  of 
other  dyestuffs,  pure,  soft  water,  should  be  used,  better  results  being  thereby 
ensured  than  with  hard  water. 

It  is  moreover  absolutely  necessary  to  boil  the  goods  thoroughly  before  the 
dyeing,  to  advantage  (when  using  soft  water)  with  the  addition  of  soda,  Turkey- 
red  oil  or  the  like;  if  soft  water  is  not  being  used,  it  is  better  to  omit  these 
ingredients. 

Fuller  details  for  dyeing  in  mechanical  apparatus  will  be  found  on  page 
XXIV  and  following  pages  of  our  book  ‘‘The  Cotton  Colours  of  L C & Co”. 


— 12  — 


Dyeing  of  Warps  in  the  Continuous  Dyeing  Machine. 

The  .Hydron  Colours  also  may  be  dyed  to  very  good  advantage  in  the 
various  kinds  of  continuous  dyeing  machines  which  have  to  be  provided  with 
very  efficient  squeezing  rollers. 

As  a rule  the  dyebaths  are  charged  in  the  same  manner  as  stated  for 
cotton  yarn ; all  that  has  to  be  considered  is  that  the  starting  baths,  on  account 
of  the  shorter  duration  of  the  dyeing  operation,  must  be  correspondingly  stronger. 

Fuller  particulars  will  be  found  on  page  XXVIII  and  following  pages  of 
our  book  ‘‘The  Cotton  Colours  of  L C & Co”  amongst  the  dyeing  directions  for 
Hydron  Colours. 

If  so  desired,  we  shall  be  glad  to  work  out  exact  recipes  on  patterns  and 
the  dimensions  of  the  vats  (boxes)  being  sent  us. 


Dyeing  of  Linen  Yarn. 

Linen  yarn  is  dyed  in  the  same  way  as  cotton  yarn.  It  is  advisable  to 
add  some  Turkey-red  oil  or  inonosolvol  to  the  bath.  The  amount  of  dyestuff  may 
also  be  slightly  reduced. 

For  dyeing  very  hard  material,  the  sodium  sulphide  process  is  particularly 
well  suited  for  Hydron  Blue;  boil  the  yarn  with  the  dyestuff,  caustic  soda  lye 
or  soda  and  sodium  sulphide  without  any  hydrosulphite,  the  hydrosulphite  being 
added  to  the  cooled  bath  after  about  */2  hour,  and  dye  for  another  half  hour  or  so. 


— 13 


Bleaching  of  Piece-Goods  containing  Effect  Threads 
dyed  with  Hydron  Colours. 


For  certain  styles,  more  particularly  for  shirtings,  unbleached  yarn  is 
woven  up  with  dyed  yarn,  the  fabric  being  then  bleached  in  the  piece.  There 
are  only  few  dyestuffs  which  will  withstand  this  operation,  and  even  with  these, 
special  precautions  have  to  be  taken  in  the  bleaching.  Pieces  containing  yarn 
dyed  with  Hydron  Colours  are  treated  as  follows: 

Boil  the  pieces  for  about  one  hour  in  a jigger  containing  4 — 8 oz  Turkey  - 
red  oil  or  monosolvol  per  10  gallons,  rinse,  then  bleach  for  a few  hours  in  the 
customary  manner  with  hypochlorite  of  soda  of  */4 — 1 0 Tw.,  rinse,  acidify,  and 
rinse  once  more  thoroughly. 

Then  prepare  a fresh  bath  containing  */4 — l‘/a  oz  sodium  bisulphite  per 
10  gallons,  treat  the  pieces  therein  for  15  to  20  minutes,  rinse  thoroughly,  and 
finally  soap  lukewarm. 

The  following  Hydron  Colours  are  very  well  adapted  for  this  treatment: 


all  brands. 


Hydron  Blue 
Hydron  Violet 
Hydron  Dark  Blue 
Hydron  Yellow 
Sodium  hypochlorite  is  prepared  as  follows: 

100  lbs  of  chloride  of  lime  33%  are  rubbed  down  with  cold  water  to 
40  gallons,  and  60  lbs  of  soda  ash  are  dissolved  in  20  gallons  of  hot  water, 
this  solution  being  diluted  with  10  gallons  of  cold  water  and  added  to  the  paste 
of  chloride  of  lime.  The  mixture  is  stirred  for  */,  hour  and  allowed  to  settle 
overnight.  The  clear  solution  is  then  drawn  off  and  the  precipitate  washed  four  or 
five  times  with  cold  water,  the  wash  water  being  used  to  dilute  the  solution  to 
about  150  gallons  of  6 — 7 0 Tw.  It  may  be  freed  entirely  from  lime  by  the 
addition  of  1 — 2 lbs  soda  ash,  whereby  the  remainder  of  the  lime  is  precipitated 
in  the  form  of  carbonate  of  lime.  The  solution  reacts  slightly  alkaline. 


Without  guarantee. 


14 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Self  Shades) 


Hydron  Blue  G pat. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Sell  Shades) 


Hydron  Blue  B pat. 


13 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Seif  Shades) 


Hydron  Blue  R pat. 


17 


18 


1,8  o/o  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Sell  Shades) 


25 


Hydron  Blue  treated  with  Perborate 


29 


27 


81 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Self  Shades) 


Hydron  Dark  Blue 
G pat. 


Hydron  Violet 
B pat. 


33 


34 


37 


38 


1 4%  Hydron 


Blue  G pat.  Paste  20°/o 


lO»/o  Hydron  Violet  B pat.  Paste  20°/o 


40 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


liydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Self  Shades) 


Hydron  Violet  R pat. 


Hydron  Yellow  G pat. 


45 


6%  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20°/.. 


46 


47 


48 


16  Wo  H 


16 Wo  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20°/o 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Self  Shades) 


Hydron  Olive  pat.  G and  B 


49 


50 


53 


54 


'Vj  CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Self  Shades) 


Hydron  Brown  pat.  OG  and  OB 


57 


58 


61 


62 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn 


Khaki  Shades 


70 


0,4  o/o  Hydron  Brown  OB  pat.  Powder 
0,1  °/o  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20  °/0 


0,7%  Hydron  Brown  OB  pat.  Powder 
0,2%  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20% 


0,65 o/tl  Hydron  Brown  OB  pat.  Prowder 
0,16%,  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20% 


0,35% ■Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 
0,35»/o  Hydron  Brown  OB  pat.  Powder 
0,08 o/0  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20 o/0 


71 


1 % Hydron  Brown  OB  pat.  P 
0,6 0/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20°/o 


0,8  o/0  Hydron  Brown  OB  pat.  Powder 
0,07  o/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20o/t 


72 


•K-Zlf 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Mixed  Shades) 


0,7 °/o  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 
0,7  °/u  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20  °/0 


1 of0  Hydron  Brown  OB  pat.  roWder 
0,1  °/o  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20°/., 


78 


75 


76 


1 % Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 

0,16  °/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20 °/o 


1,5  % Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 
0,25  o/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20°/0 


1,7 o/,,  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 
0,2 o/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 


79 


80 


2,6  o/o  Hydron  Brown  OB  pat.  Powder 
l,3°/0  Hydron  Yell<  w G pat.  Paste  20% 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


88 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Mixed  Shades) 


3,5  o/o  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20®/o 
0,2 °/o  Hydron  Olive  G pat.  Powder 


10  o/o  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,36  °/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 


88 


4 o/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20  % 
0,5 % Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 


7 o/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20% 

0,75o/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20o/o 


2 0/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20  0/0 

0,85 °/o  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 


7 o/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20% 
l,4o/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20°/o 


90 


2,6°/o  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20°/o 
1 o/0  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 


7 o/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20  o/(> 
0,8 o/0  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 


7 o/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat. 

2,6  o/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 


I60/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20°/o 
60/0  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20«/o 


91 


92 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Mixed  Shades) 


98 


0,3  ®/o  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 
0,07  °/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20»/o 
0,05  o/o  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20  °/0 


94 


0,35 °/n  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 
0,35  °/o  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20°/o 
0,35<>/o  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20°/o 


95 


1 0/0  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 
0,4o/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20°/0 


0,7  °/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20°/0 
0,17o/o  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 


0,5  °/0  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20 % 
0,13  o/0  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20% 
0,13o/o  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 


99 


96 


0,5  0/0  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Bowder 
0,55o/o  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20°/n 
0,5  0/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20% 


0. 

0,25o/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,13o/o  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 


101 


97 


0,s  o/0 

0,85 0/0  Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

O,35o/0  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20o/0 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Mixed  Shades) 


0,35%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,07  °/0  Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 
0,07%  Hydron  Yellow  G pat.  Paste  20% 


104 


0,46  °/0  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,2  % Hydron  Brown  OG  pat.  Powder 


105 


106 


0,3  % Hydron  Olive  G pat.  Powder 
0,26  % Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 


1,4%  Hydron  Olive  G pat.  Powder 
1 % Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20  % 


107 


0,85%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,75  % Hydron  Olive  G pat.  Powder 


L % Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,22  % Hydron  Olive  G pat.  Powder 


108 


2 % Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,5  % Hydron  Olive  G pat.  Powder 


1,3  % Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,17%  Hydron  Olive  G pat.  Powder 


109 


110 


4,6%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,5  % Hydron  Olive  G pat.  Powder 


1,3  % Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,9  % Hydron  Olive  G pat.  Powder 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Hydron  Colours  on  Cotton  Yarn  (Mixed  Shades) 


0,85  °/9  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,1  °/0  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20% 


9 o/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20 °/0 
4,5  o/0  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20o/o 


1,5  % Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20°/o 
0,35%  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20% 


6%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
6%  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20% 


2,6  % Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 
0,7  % Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20% 


9 % Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste 
4,5o/o  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 


6%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20o/„ 
3 0/0  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20% 


7,7o/0  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste 
3,5o/o  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20o/o 


°/o 

with  One-Bath  Aniline  Black 


10%  Hydron  Dark  BIueG  pat. 

topped  with  One-Bath  Aniline  Black. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


' 


MANUFACTURE  LYONNAISE  DE  MATIERES  COLORANTES,  LYONS. 


Works  “La  Mouche 


~iiiL  Ci£TTV  CLNItR 
LIBRARY 


Works  at  Riga. 


